Function composition

Applying a function to the result of another function is called function composition. If you have f : X → Y and g : Y → Z, you can create the composition function h: X → Z: h(x) = g(f(x)).

This is also denoted as h = g ∘ f.

In python, there is no ∘ operator, but you still can create composition functions via bare lambdas:

In : from math import sqrt
In : sqrt_abs = lambda x: sqrt(abs(x))
In : sqrt_abs(-4)
Out: 2.0

To make it more semantically precise, you can create your own compose function. Adding clear repr is also a good idea. Here is an example:

class compose:
    def __init__(self, *functions):
        self._functions = functions

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        result = None
        for f in reversed(self._functions):
            result = f(*args, **kwargs)
            args = [result]
            kwargs = dict()
        return result

    def __repr__(self):
        return '{}({})'.format(
            type(self),
            ', '.join(repr(f) for f in self._functions)
        )