typing.LiteralString

PEP 675 (landed in Python 3.11) introduced a new type typing.LiteralString. It matches any Literal type, which is the type for explicit literals and constants in the code. The PEP shows a very good example of how it can be used to implement a SQL driver with protection on the type-checker level against SQL injections:

from typing import LiteralString, Final

def run_query(sql: LiteralString): ...

run_query('SELECT * FROM students')  # ok

ALL_STUDENTS: Final = 'SELECT * FROM students'
run_query(ALL_STUDENTS)  # ok

arbitrary_query = input()
run_query(arbitrary_query) # type error, don't do that